Every like element in an information unit should be consistent. I always tell my students that when I look at the first page of their homework, and the second to last page of that same document, I should see consistent elements. Like the example in figure 1, there should be similar heading levels written the same way: same font type, size and spacing before and after (A), graphics should be located in like positions and alignment (B), figure titles should be written the same way (same font type and size) and placed in the same locations (C), and page numbers should be in the same font and in the same locations (D).

Aside from ensuring that your document looks professional, consistency does something else. It helps the reader understand where they are in the document, and where to look for their information. Consider your readers looking at your document. On the first page they are facing an unfamiliar set of clues telling them how to find the information they need. But by the time they get to page 20, they know exactly where to look, because by that time they understand what each textual element represents.

Specific elements to check include:

• Headings and subheadings: font type and size, spacing above and below.
• Paragraph elements: font type and size, spacing above and below.
• Graphics: placement, alignment, colors, type (pictures, line drawings, etc.) borders.
• Graphic titles: placement (above or below), format, font type and size.
• Headers and footers: page number placement, font and type; running headers, borders.

Throughout, study your documents time and again. If possible create a document template, either hand written or in your desktop publishing software. Make sure your document is written according to the elements in your template.

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Last update: 27-03-2009 13:46